It is easy to take good vision for granted. Most people do not think about their eyesight until it begins to deteriorate noticeably. Whether it be difficulties reading small text or seeing street signs at a distance, declining vision can present itself in a number of different ways. Here is what you need to know about the difference between nearsightedness and farsightedness, as well as how to know if you need to get glasses.

Understanding the Difference Between Nearsightedness and Farsightedness

Nearsightedness and farsightedness impact billions of people around the world. Otherwise known as myopia, nearsightedness is an eye condition that impacts the ability to see things at a distance. Having trouble watching television or driving is one of the first signs that this progressive condition is setting in.

The condition is caused by a refractive error, making it difficult for the eye's central focusing system to direct light to the correct place. Those with myopia typically experience blurriness when trying to focus on things that are far away. Conversely, closer objects appear clearer.

Those with nearsightedness most often need glasses or contacts to drive safely, to watch television, or for anything that relies on distance vision. Most nearsighted people choose to wear glasses or contacts for most of the day, as so much of everyday life requires solid distance vision.

On the opposite side of the spectrum is farsightedness. Known clinically as hyperopia, farsightedness is a different type of refractive error. This type of condition is distinguished by light that focuses on the area of the eye behind the retina instead of directly on it. This is usually the case when the eyeball is too short or if the cornea does not bend light well enough to perfect the vision.

Those with farsightedness struggle to see things clearly at near range without the use of reading glasses. Being farsighted affects activities such as reading, using the computer, or using any handheld device. It is not unusual for people with farsightedness to first notice that there is a problem when they suddenly have problems reading restaurant menus.

Younger individuals often experience hyperopia that is so subtle that it is often not diagnosed until a much later age. Flexible lenses at a younger age make it easier for people to compensate and mute the impacts of the condition until they reach their 30s or 40s. However, the constant strain over the years can lead to headaches or fatigue when having to focus on things at close range.

Nearsightedness is more common than farsightedness in most parts of the world. The rate of nearsightedness has increased greatly over the last several decades. For instance, many studies have shown that this condition has jumped by 60% over the last 30 years, inching up from approximately 25% in the early 1970s to over 40% by the early 2000s. Should this trajectory continue, about half of the planet will be nearsighted by the year 2050.

Farsightedness is far less common overall. For instance, approximately three to four people are nearsighted for every one person who is estimated to be farsighted. The National Eye Institute notes that farsightedness impacts about 5% to 10% of Americans.

Signs That You May Need Corrective Glasses or Lenses

Most people begin to notice a gradual decline in their vision as they age. Blurry vision is the most common sign. Other signals of deteriorating vision include frequent headaches when reading small print, eye strain or fatigue, or night glare when driving. Some people find themselves instinctively closing one eye in an effort to improve focus or reaching for a brighter light to see small words more clearly.

Detecting vision issues in small children can be more difficult. Parents should be on the lookout for kids who are holding reading materials too close or sitting directly in front of the television. Some kids may avoid reading entirely because it is too difficult to see the words. Sudden problems at school in otherwise good students are another sign that poor vision may be playing a part.

Any of these signs necessitate an eye exam. During this exam, a trained professional will measure how the eyes focus on light to determine if nearsightedness or farsightedness is the issue. A comprehensive eye exam will also assess the overall health of the eye, looking for issues such as retinal disease, glaucoma, or cataracts.

You should not delay seeking the care of a professional if you suspect you may need corrective vision products. Delaying treatment can lead to worsening eyesight, long-term strain on the eyes, a higher chance of accidents while driving, and increased headaches and fatigue.

Clear vision is vital to everyday life and work. Like any type of medical exam, an eye exam can also be used as part of a normal preventative health care plan.

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